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Title
 Author Year Age Population Etiology Study Type More Study Information Screened Country Prevalence Standardization
Risk Factors for the Development of Posttraumatic Hydrocephalus After Unilateral Decompressive Craniectomy in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury Tsung-Ming Su, Chu-Mei Lan, Tsung-Han Lee, Shih-Wei Hsu, Nai-Wen Tsai, Cheng-Hsien Lu 2019 Adult Traumatic Brain Injury Posttraumatic Hydrocephalus Prospective Retrospectively reviewed the medical records on 217 patients with moderate or severe TBI who had Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of less than 13 on admission and underwent unilateral DC from 2008 to 2014. 143 patients with moderate or severe TBI were enrolled to determine the risk factors for the development of PTH before cranioplasty. 143 patients Taiwan 30.1% developed posttraumatic hydrocephalus following decompressive craniectomy 301/1,000 decompressive craniectomy following TBI
Incidence of Hydrocephalus in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study Kai-Hua Chen, Chuan-Pin Lee, Yao-Hsu Yang, Yun-Hsuan Yang, Chien-Min Chen, Mong-Liang Lu, Yi-Chen Lee, Vincent Chin-Hung Chen 2019 All Traumatic Brain Injury with SAH Posttraumatic Hydrocephalus Retrospective In this population-based study, patients who had a first event of hospitalized TBI during 2000 to 2010 were identified from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005 (LHID2005) in Taiwan. 2,303 patients Taiwan 20.05/10,000 during 24-month follow-up period 2.005/1,000 TBI cases with SAH during 24-month follow-up
Incidence of Hydrocephalus in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study Kai-Hua Chen, Chuan-Pin Lee, Yao-Hsu Yang, Yun-Hsuan Yang, Chien-Min Chen, Mong-Liang Lu, Yi-Chen Lee, Vincent Chin-Hung Chen 2019 All Traumatic Brain Injury w/o SAH Posttraumatic Hydrocephalus Retrospective In this population-based study, patients who had a first event of hospitalized TBI during 2000 to 2010 were identified from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005 (LHID2005) in Taiwan. 21,472 patients Taiwan 5.28/10,000 during 24-month follow-up period 0.528/1,000 TBI cases w/o SAH during 24-month follow-up
Clinical Features of and Risk Factors for Hydrocephalus in Childhood Bacterial Meningitis Liang Huo, Yuying Fan, Chunying Jiang, Jian Gao, Meng Yin, Hua Wang, Fenghua Yang, Qingjun Cao 2019 Child Bacterial Meningitis Post Infectious Hydrocephalus Retrospective Retrospectively reviewed the records of children aged <14 years who were treated for bacterial meningitis at the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2016. 267 patients China 9.4% developed post infectious hydrocephalus 94/1,000 bacterial meningitis cases
Prevalence of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Prospective, Population-Based Study Johanna Andersson, Michelle Rosell, Karin Kockum, Otto Lilja-Lund, Lars Söderström, Katarina Laurell 2019 Adult Adult Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Prospective Using the Swedish population register, 1,000 individuals from Jämtland, aged 65 years and older, were randomly selected and invited to participate in the study. 673 inhabitants Jämtland, Sweden 3.7% had probable NPH (according to American-European guidelines); 1.5% had possible NPH w/ MRI support or definite NPH (according to Japanese guidelines) 37/1,000 people (American-European Guidelines); 15/1,000 people (Japanese Guidelines)
Incidence, Comorbidities, and Mortality in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Okko T Pyykkö, Ossi Nerg, Hanna-Mari Niskasaari, Timo Niskasaari, Anne M Koivisto, Mikko Hiltunen, Jussi Pihlajamäki, Tuomas Rauramaa, Maria Kojoukhova, Irina Alafuzoff, Hilkka Soininen, Juha E Jääskeläinen, Ville Leinonen 2018 Adult Adult Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Retrospective The patients of the current study were recruited from a defined geographic area in Middle and Eastern Finland, of which the sole serving acute and elective neurosurgical unit is the department of neurosurgery of the Kuopio University Hospital (KUH). A cohort of 536 patients with possible NPH from a defined population with a median follow-up time of 5.1 years, (range 0.04–19.9 years) was included in the study. catchement population of KUH Neurosurgery Finland 1.84/100,000 (range 0.8-4.5 per 100,000 per year) .0184/1,000
The Incidence of Hydrocephalus and Shunting in Patients with Angiogram-Negative Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Updated Meta-Analysis Sung-Eun Kim, Bong Jun Kim, Steve S Cho, Heung Cheol Kim, Jin Pyeong Jeon 2018 All Angiogram-Negative Perimesencephalic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Meta-Analysis Electronic research studies were searched using the keywords “subarachnoid hemorrhage,” “SAH,” “perimesencephalic,” “angio-negative,” “hydrocephalus,” and “ventriculoperitoneal shunt” in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library between January 1990 and November 2017. 1159 patients 9.7% developed post hemoorhagic hydrocephalus 97/1,000 Angiogram-Negative Perimesencephalic SAH cases
The Incidence of Hydrocephalus and Shunting in Patients with Angiogram-Negative Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Updated Meta-Analysis Sung-Eun Kim, Bong Jun Kim, Steve S Cho, Heung Cheol Kim, Jin Pyeong Jeon 2018 All Angiogram-Negative Non-Perimesencephalic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Meta-Analysis Electronic research studies were searched using the keywords “subarachnoid hemorrhage,” “SAH,” “perimesencephalic,” “angio-negative,” “hydrocephalus,” and “ventriculoperitoneal shunt” in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library between January 1990 and November 2017. 1270 patients 28.3% developed post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus 283/1,000 Angiogram-Negative Non-Perimesencephalic SAH cases
Hydrocephalus in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: National Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes in 124,444 Hospitalized Patients Kavelin Rumalla, Vijay Letchuman, Kyle A Smith, Paul M Arnold 2018 Child Traumatic Brain Injury Posttraumatic Hydrocephalus Retrospective Data from the KID, from 2003 to 2012, were used in this analysis. The KID is a part of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), maintained by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). 124,444 patients United States 1% developed posttraumatic hydrocephalus 10/1,000 TBI cases
Effect of Choice of Treatment Modality on the Incidence of Shunt-Dependent Hydrocephalus After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Masaomi Koyanagi, Hitoshi Fukuda, Masaaki Saiki, Yoshihito Tsuji, Benjamin Lo, Toshinari Kawasaki, Yoshihiko Ioroi, Ryu Fukumitsu, Ryota Ishibashi, Masashi Oda, Osamu Narumi, Masaki Chin, Sen Yamagata, Susumu Miyamoto 2018 Adult Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Prospective Between January 2009 and July 2016, patients who underwent surgical clipping and endovascular treatment for ruptured cerebral aneurysms within 72 hours after onset were entered into a prospectively maintained multicenter SAH database comprising 3 Japanese stroke centers. 566 patients Japan 22% developed post hemorrhaigc hydrocephalus 220/1,000 SAH cases
Prevalence and Trend of Isolated and Complicated Congenital Hydrocephalus and Preventive Effect of Folic Acid in Northern China, 2005-2015 Jufen Liu, Lei Jin, Zhiwen Li, Yali Zhang, Le Zhang, Linlin Wang, Aiguo Ren 2018 Neonate Neonate w/ Birth Defects Congenital Hydrocephalus Retrospective A population–based birth defects surveillance program was set up in the study population in the early 2000s.The present study included data from five rural counties, namely, Pingding, Xiyang, Taigu, Zezhou and Shouyang (Shanxi Province), from 2005 to 2015. 176,223 births Northern China 20.3/10,000 births 2.03/1,000 births
Prevalence and Trend of Isolated and Complicated Congenital Hydrocephalus and Preventive Effect of Folic Acid in Northern China, 2005-2015 Jufen Liu, Lei Jin, Zhiwen Li, Yali Zhang, Le Zhang, Linlin Wang, Aiguo Ren 2018 Neonate Neonate w/ Birth Defects Isolated Congenital Hydrocephalus Retrospective A population–based birth defects surveillance program was set up in the study population in the early 2000s.The present study included data from five rural counties, namely, Pingding, Xiyang, Taigu, Zezhou and Shouyang (Shanxi Province), from 2005 to 2015. 176,223 births Northern China 8.3/10,000 births 0.83/1,000 births
Age-specific global epidemiology of hydrocephalus: Systematic review, metanalysis and global birth surveillance Albert M Isaacs, Jay Riva-Cambrin, Daniel Yavin, Aaron Hockley, Tamara M Pringsheim, Nathalie Jette, Brendan Cord Lethebe, Mark Lowerison, Jarred Dronyk, Mark G Hamilton 2018 All All All Hydrocephalus Meta-Analysis Data on the prevalence of hydrocephalus were obtained through a systematic review and metanalysis of published peer-reviewed population-based articles specific to the epidemiology of hydrocephalus. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. 171,558,651 people Global 84.7/100,000 0.847/1,000
Age-specific global epidemiology of hydrocephalus: Systematic review, metanalysis and global birth surveillance Albert M Isaacs, Jay Riva-Cambrin, Daniel Yavin, Aaron Hockley, Tamara M Pringsheim, Nathalie Jette, Brendan Cord Lethebe, Mark Lowerison, Jarred Dronyk, Mark G Hamilton 2018 Child Child All Hydrocephalus Meta-Analysis Data on the prevalence of hydrocephalus were obtained through a systematic review and metanalysis of published peer-reviewed population-based articles specific to the epidemiology of hydrocephalus. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. 28,990,298 people Global 87.8/100,000 0.878/1,000
Age-specific global epidemiology of hydrocephalus: Systematic review, metanalysis and global birth surveillance Albert M Isaacs, Jay Riva-Cambrin, Daniel Yavin, Aaron Hockley, Tamara M Pringsheim, Nathalie Jette, Brendan Cord Lethebe, Mark Lowerison, Jarred Dronyk, Mark G Hamilton 2018 Adult Adult All Hydrocephalus Meta-Analysis Data on the prevalence of hydrocephalus were obtained through a systematic review and metanalysis of published peer-reviewed population-based articles specific to the epidemiology of hydrocephalus. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Adults aged 19-64. 14,798,172 people Global 10.9/100,000 0.109/1,000
Age-specific global epidemiology of hydrocephalus: Systematic review, metanalysis and global birth surveillance Albert M Isaacs, Jay Riva-Cambrin, Daniel Yavin, Aaron Hockley, Tamara M Pringsheim, Nathalie Jette, Brendan Cord Lethebe, Mark Lowerison, Jarred Dronyk, Mark G Hamilton 2018 Adult Adult Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Meta-Analysis Data on the prevalence of hydrocephalus were obtained through a systematic review and metanalysis of published peer-reviewed population-based articles specific to the epidemiology of hydrocephalus. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Adults 65+. 127,770,181 people Global 174.8/100,000 1.748/1,000
Age-specific global epidemiology of hydrocephalus: Systematic review, metanalysis and global birth surveillance Albert M Isaacs, Jay Riva-Cambrin, Daniel Yavin, Aaron Hockley, Tamara M Pringsheim, Nathalie Jette, Brendan Cord Lethebe, Mark Lowerison, Jarred Dronyk, Mark G Hamilton 2018 Neonate Neonate Congenital Hydrocephalus Meta-Analysis Data on the incidence of hydrocephalus was obtained from the ICBDSR’s annual reports. The ICBDSR is a non-governmental organization affiliated with the World Health Organization that collects data on birth defects including hydrocephalus and spina bifida from 42 surveillance programs, spanning 36 countries. Annual reports from 2003-2014 were reviewed. 42 ICBDSR surveillance registries 36 countries 81.2/100,000 .812/1,000
Age-specific global epidemiology of hydrocephalus: Systematic review, metanalysis and global birth surveillance Albert M Isaacs, Jay Riva-Cambrin, Daniel Yavin, Aaron Hockley, Tamara M Pringsheim, Nathalie Jette, Brendan Cord Lethebe, Mark Lowerison, Jarred Dronyk, Mark G Hamilton 2018 Neonate Neonate Isolated Congenital Hydrocephalus Meta-Analysis Data on the incidence of hydrocephalus was obtained from the ICBDSR’s annual reports. The ICBDSR is a non-governmental organization affiliated with the World Health Organization that collects data on birth defects including hydrocephalus and spina bifida from 42 surveillance programs, spanning 36 countries. Annual reports from 2003-2014 were reviewed. 42 ICBDSR surveillance registries 36 countries 49.5/100,000 .495/1,000
Global hydrocephalus epidemiology and incidence: systematic review and meta-analysis Michael C Dewan, Abbas Rattani, Rania Mekary, Laurence J Glancz, Ismaeel Yunusa, Ronnie E Baticulon, Graham Fieggen, John C Wellons, Kee B Park, Benjamin C Warf 2018 Neonate Neonate Congenital Hydrocephalus Meta-Analysis The authors performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to estimate the incidence of congenital hydrocephalus by WHO region and World Bank income level using the MEDLINE/PubMed and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews databases. A global estimate of pediatric hydrocephalus was obtained by adding acquired forms of childhood hydrocephalus to the baseline congenital figures using neural tube defect (NTD) registry data and known proportions of posthemorrhagic and postinfectious cases. 78 articles reviewed Africa 145/100,000 births 1.45/1,000 births
Global hydrocephalus epidemiology and incidence: systematic review and meta-analysis Michael C Dewan, Abbas Rattani, Rania Mekary, Laurence J Glancz, Ismaeel Yunusa, Ronnie E Baticulon, Graham Fieggen, John C Wellons, Kee B Park, Benjamin C Warf 2018 Neonate Neonate Congenital Hydrocephalus Meta-Analysis The authors performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to estimate the incidence of congenital hydrocephalus by WHO region and World Bank income level using the MEDLINE/PubMed and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews databases. A global estimate of pediatric hydrocephalus was obtained by adding acquired forms of childhood hydrocephalus to the baseline congenital figures using neural tube defect (NTD) registry data and known proportions of posthemorrhagic and postinfectious cases. 78 articles reviewed Latin America 316/100,000 births 3.16/1,000 births
Global hydrocephalus epidemiology and incidence: systematic review and meta-analysis Michael C Dewan, Abbas Rattani, Rania Mekary, Laurence J Glancz, Ismaeel Yunusa, Ronnie E Baticulon, Graham Fieggen, John C Wellons, Kee B Park, Benjamin C Warf 2018 Neonate Neonate Congenital Hydrocephalus Meta-Analysis The authors performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to estimate the incidence of congenital hydrocephalus by WHO region and World Bank income level using the MEDLINE/PubMed and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews databases. A global estimate of pediatric hydrocephalus was obtained by adding acquired forms of childhood hydrocephalus to the baseline congenital figures using neural tube defect (NTD) registry data and known proportions of posthemorrhagic and postinfectious cases. 78 articles reviewed United States/Canada 68/100,000 births 0.68/10,000 births
Posttraumatic Hydrocephalus as a Confounding Influence on Brain Injury Rehabilitation: Incidence, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes Alan H Weintraub, Donald J Gerber, Robert G Kowalski 2017 All Traumatic Brain Injury Posttraumatic Hydrocephalus Retrospective All patients admitted to our inpatient brain injury rehabilitation hospital for TBI from 2009 to 2013 were evaluated for PTH. 701 patients Colorado, United States 8% were diagnosed with posttraumatic hydrocephalus 80/1,000 TBI cases
Comparison of clinical features and prognostic factors in HIV-negative adults with cryptococcal meningitis and tuberculous meningitis: a retrospective study Junyan Qu, Taoyou Zhou, Cejun Zhong, Rong Deng & Xiaoju Lü 2017 All Cryptococcal Meningitis Post Infectious Hydrocephalus Retrospective The retrospective study was conducted between January 2008 and December 2015, in West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (a 4,300-bed academic tertiary care hospital). Patients aged 14 years or older with confirmed diagnosis of CM or clinical or confirmed diagnosis of TBM were included. 126 patients China 12.7% developed post infectious hydrocephalus 127/1,000 cryptococcal meningitis
Comparison of clinical features and prognostic factors in HIV-negative adults with cryptococcal meningitis and tuberculous meningitis: a retrospective study Junyan Qu, Taoyou Zhou, Cejun Zhong, Rong Deng & Xiaoju Lü 2017 All Tuberculous Meningitis Post Infectious Hydrocephalus Retrospective The retrospective study was conducted between January 2008 and December 2015, in West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (a 4,300-bed academic tertiary care hospital). Patients aged 14 years or older with confirmed diagnosis of CM or clinical or confirmed diagnosis of TBM were included. 105 patients China 16.2% developed post infectious hydrocephalus 162/1,000 tuberculous meningitis cases
Changes in Prevalence and Perinatal Outcomes of Congenital Hydrocephalus Among Chinese Newborns: A Retrospective Analysis Based on the Hospital-Based Birth Defects Surveillance System Ling Yi, Chaomin Wan, Changfei Deng, Xiaohong Li, Kui Deng, Yi Mu, Jun Zhu, Qi Li, Yanping Wang, Li Dai 2017 Neonate Neonate w/ Birth Defects Congenital Hydrocephalus Retrospective Data were obtained from the Chinese Birth Defects Monitoring Network (CBDMN), which collects demographic information on all newborns above 28 weeks of gestation, and clinical information on neonates with congenital anomalies. CH cases delivered during 2005–2012 were analyzed. 10,574,061 births China 6.14/10,000 births 0.614/1,000 births
Nationwide hospital‐based survey of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in Japan: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics Nagato Kuriyama, Masakazu Miyajima, Madoka Nakajima, Michiko Kurosawa, Wakaba Fukushima, Yoshiyuki Watanabe, Etsuko Ozaki, Yoshio Hirota, Akiko Tamakoshi, Etsuro Mori, Takeo Kato, Takahiko Tokuda, Akinori Urae, and Hajime Arai 2017 Adult Adult Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Prospective This study consisted of two epidemiological surveys. First, the total number of patients with a diagnosis of iNPH who received medical care during the year 2012 was estimated. Then, in the second survey to clarify the clinical features of this disease, the attending physicians of all patients registered in the first survey were asked to answer a questionnaire regarding specific clinical information and to mail it back. Japan’s population (sample from select hospitals) Japan 10.2/100,000 people 0.102/1,000 people
Paradoxical reaction in tuberculous meningitis: presentation, predictors and impact on prognosis Anurag Kumar Singh, Hardeep Singh Malhotra, Ravindra Kumar Garg, Amita Jain, Neeraj Kumar, Neera Kohli, Rajesh Verma, Praveen Kumar Sharma 2016 Adult Tuberculous Meningitis Post Infectious Hydrocephalus Prospective All consecutive newly-diagnosed patients of tuberculous meningitis, fulfilling the consensus diagnostic criteria as described by Marais et al., were included. Patients were categorized into definite, probable, or possible tuberculous meningitis groups on the basis of clinical, imaging, and laboratory criteria. 141 patients India 19% developed post infectious hydrocephalus 190/1,000 tuberculous meningitis cases
Incidence of Idiopathic Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus in Northern Spain Rubén Martín-Láez, Hugo Caballero-Arzapalo, Natalia Valle-San Román, Luis Ángel López-Menéndez, Juan Carlos Arango-Lasprilla, Alfonso Vázquez-Barquero 2016 Adult Adult Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Prospective Cantabria is a small, autonomous community in northern Spain that is served by only 1 neurosurgical department. On January 1, 2013, our reference population consisted of 591,888 inhabitants served by 3 departments of neurology and the entire primary care network of Cantabria. Owing to the special characteristics of the Spanish Health System, referral of patients to other neurosurgical departments is rare, if possible at all. Population of Cantabria, Spain Cantabria, Spain 3.25 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year .0325 cases/1,000 inhabitants/year
Trends in hospitalization of preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus in the United States, 2000–2010 Eisha A Christian, Diana L Jin, Frank Attenello, Timothy Wen, Steven Cen, William J Mack, Mark D Krieger, J Gordon McComb 2016 Neonate Preterm neonates w/ Grade 1 IVH Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Retrospective The NIS and KID together compose the largest, public, all-payer, inpatient care dataset in the United States (https://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/databases.jsp). As part of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), the NIS and KID have longitudinal hospital inpatient discharge data from more than 1000 hospitals, with the NIS representing 20% of all hospital discharges and KID representing 80% of pediatric discharges in the United States. 549 patients United States 1% developed post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus 10/1,000 preterm infants with IVH grade 1 cases
Trends in hospitalization of preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus in the United States, 2000–2010 Eisha A Christian, Diana L Jin, Frank Attenello, Timothy Wen, Steven Cen, William J Mack, Mark D Krieger, J Gordon McComb 2016 Neonate Preterm neonates w/ Grade 2 IVH Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Retrospective The NIS and KID together compose the largest, public, all-payer, inpatient care dataset in the United States (https://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/databases.jsp). As part of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), the NIS and KID have longitudinal hospital inpatient discharge data from more than 1000 hospitals, with the NIS representing 20% of all hospital discharges and KID representing 80% of pediatric discharges in the United States. 1,127 patients United States 4% developed post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus 40/1,000 preterm infants with IVH grade 2 cases
Trends in hospitalization of preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus in the United States, 2000–2010 Eisha A Christian, Diana L Jin, Frank Attenello, Timothy Wen, Steven Cen, William J Mack, Mark D Krieger, J Gordon McComb 2016 Neonate Preterm neonates w/ Grade 3 IVH Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Retrospective The NIS and KID together compose the largest, public, all-payer, inpatient care dataset in the United States (https://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/databases.jsp). As part of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), the NIS and KID have longitudinal hospital inpatient discharge data from more than 1000 hospitals, with the NIS representing 20% of all hospital discharges and KID representing 80% of pediatric discharges in the United States. 4,890 patients United States 25% developed post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus 250/1,000 preterm infants with IVH grade 3 cases
Trends in hospitalization of preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus in the United States, 2000–2010 Eisha A Christian, Diana L Jin, Frank Attenello, Timothy Wen, Steven Cen, William J Mack, Mark D Krieger, J Gordon McComb 2016 Neonate Preterm neonates w/ Grade 4 IVH Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Retrospective The NIS and KID together compose the largest, public, all-payer, inpatient care dataset in the United States (https://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/databases.jsp). As part of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), the NIS and KID have longitudinal hospital inpatient discharge data from more than 1000 hospitals, with the NIS representing 20% of all hospital discharges and KID representing 80% of pediatric discharges in the United States. 5,651 patients United States 28% developed post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus 280/1,000 preterm infants with IVH grade 3 cases
Epidemiology of Birth Defects Based on a Birth Defect Surveillance System From 2005 to 2014 in Hunan Province, China Donghua Xie, Tubao Yang, Zhiyu Liu, Hua Wang 2016 Neonate Neonate Congenital Hydrocephalus Retrospective This study involved all the infants (including stillbirth, dead fetus or live birth) during perinatal period (between 28 weeks of gestation and 7 days after birth) born in the 52 registered hospitals of Hunan between 2005 and 2014. 925,413 births Hunan Province, China 4.3-11.8/10,000 births .43-1.19/1,000 births
Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus among Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants in Korea So Yoon Ahn, So-Yeon Shim, In Kyung Sung 2015 Neonate VLBW Infants w/ IVH Grade 1 Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Prospective We performed a cohort study using prospectively collected data from 55 Korean Neonatal Network (KNN) centers. A total of 2,386 VLBW infants born between January 2013 and June 2014 and registered in the KNN were reviewed. We excluded 63 VLBW infants who did not have documented brain ultrasonography (BUS) results, and among them, 60 infants were expired within 7 days after birth. Finally, the remaining 2,323 were included in the present study. 554 patients Korea 0% developed PHH 0/1,000 VLBW infant IVH grade 1 cases
Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus among Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants in Korea So Yoon Ahn, So-Yeon Shim, In Kyung Sung 2015 Neonate VLBW Infants w/ IVH Grade 2 Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Prospective We performed a cohort study using prospectively collected data from 55 Korean Neonatal Network (KNN) centers. A total of 2,386 VLBW infants born between January 2013 and June 2014 and registered in the KNN were reviewed. We excluded 63 VLBW infants who did not have documented brain ultrasonography (BUS) results, and among them, 60 infants were expired within 7 days after birth. Finally, the remaining 2,323 were included in the present study. 144 patients Korea 3.5% developed PHH 35/1,000 VLBW infant IVH grade 2 cases
Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus among Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants in Korea So Yoon Ahn, So-Yeon Shim, In Kyung Sung 2015 Neonate VLBW Infants w/ IVH Grade 3 Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Prospective We performed a cohort study using prospectively collected data from 55 Korean Neonatal Network (KNN) centers. A total of 2,386 VLBW infants born between January 2013 and June 2014 and registered in the KNN were reviewed. We excluded 63 VLBW infants who did not have documented brain ultrasonography (BUS) results, and among them, 60 infants were expired within 7 days after birth. Finally, the remaining 2,323 were included in the present study. 83 patients Korea 36.1% developed PHH 361/1,000 VLBW infant IVH grade 3 cases
Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus among Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants in Korea So Yoon Ahn, So-Yeon Shim, In Kyung Sung 2015 Neonate VLBW Infants w/ IVH Grade 4 Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Prospective We performed a cohort study using prospectively collected data from 55 Korean Neonatal Network (KNN) centers. A total of 2,386 VLBW infants born between January 2013 and June 2014 and registered in the KNN were reviewed. We excluded 63 VLBW infants who did not have documented brain ultrasonography (BUS) results, and among them, 60 infants were expired within 7 days after birth. Finally, the remaining 2,323 were included in the present study. 47 patients Korea 63.8% developed PHH 638/1,000 VLBW infant IVH grade 4 cases
Temporal trends of intraventricular hemorrhage of prematurity in Nova Scotia from 1993 to 2012 Julia A E Radic, Michael Vincer, P Daniel McNeely 2015 Neonate Preterm neonates w/ Grade 1 IVH Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Prospective All very preterm (≤ 30 completed weeks’ gestational age) infants born to residents of Nova Scotia from January 1, 1993, onward were included in a comprehensive database. 170 patients Nova Scotia, Canada 0% developed post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus 0/1,000 preterm infants with IVH grade 1 cases
Temporal trends of intraventricular hemorrhage of prematurity in Nova Scotia from 1993 to 2012 Julia A E Radic, Michael Vincer, P Daniel McNeely 2015 Neonate Preterm neonates w/ Grade 2 IVH Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Prospective All very preterm (≤ 30 completed weeks’ gestational age) infants born to residents of Nova Scotia from January 1, 1993, onward were included in a comprehensive database. 88 patients Nova Scotia, Canada 0% developed post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus 0/1,000 preterm infants with IVH grade 2 cases
Temporal trends of intraventricular hemorrhage of prematurity in Nova Scotia from 1993 to 2012 Julia A E Radic, Michael Vincer, P Daniel McNeely 2015 Neonate Preterm neonates w/ Grade 3 IVH Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Prospective All very preterm (≤ 30 completed weeks’ gestational age) infants born to residents of Nova Scotia from January 1, 1993, onward were included in a comprehensive database. 62 patients Nova Scotia, Canada 24% developed post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus 240/1,000 preterm infants with IVH grade 3 cases
Temporal trends of intraventricular hemorrhage of prematurity in Nova Scotia from 1993 to 2012 Julia A E Radic, Michael Vincer, P Daniel McNeely 2015 Neonate Preterm neonates w/ Grade 4 IVH Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Prospective All very preterm (≤ 30 completed weeks’ gestational age) infants born to residents of Nova Scotia from January 1, 1993, onward were included in a comprehensive database. 87 patients Nova Scotia, Canada 37% developed post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus 370/1,000 preterm infants with IVH grade 4 cases
Incidence of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH): a 10-year follow-up study of a rural community in Japan. Iseki C, Takahashi Y, Wada M, Kawanami T, Adachi M, Kato T. 2014 Adult Adult Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Prospective Conducted a longitudinal study in a rural area of northern Japan in 2000. At that time, 350 inhabitants, the total population of 70-year-olds in Takahata (who were born in 1930) were requested to participate in the study. 271 inhabitants of Takahata Japan 1.2/1000/year 70+:                         1.2/1,000/year
Prevalence of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Jaraj D, Rabiei K, Marlow T, Jensen C, Skoog I, Wikkelsø C. 2014 Adult Adult Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Prospective Between 1986 and 2000, studies on representative elderly populations in Gothenburg, Sweden, were conducted using identical examinations (including neuropsychiatric examinations and key informant interviews) at each occasion. All participants were systematically obtained from the Swedish population register based on birth dates and included people living in private households and in residential care. Subsamples were examined with CT of the brain. CT scans made between 1986 and 2000 were available and used in this study. 1,238 between 1986-2000 Sweden Age 70-79: 0.2%                 Age 80+: 5.9% 70-79:     2/1,000                                                   80+:       59/1,000
Hydrocephalus in tuberculous meningitis: Incidence, its predictive factors and impact on the prognosis. Raut T, Garg RK, Jain A, Verma R, Singh MK, Malhotra HS, Kohli N, Parihar A. 2013 Adult Tuberculous Meningitis Post Infectious Hydrocephalus Prospective Prospective cohort study, conducted from October 2010 to august 2012, in the Department of Neurology, King George’s Medical University 80 patients Uttar Pradesh, India 67% after tuberculous meningitis 670/1,000 after tuberculosus meningitis
Hydrocephalus following severe traumatic brain injury in adults. Incidence, timing, and clinical predictors during rehabilitation. Kammersgaard LP, Linnemann M, Tibæk M. 2013 Adult Traumatic Brain Injury Posttraumatic Hydrocephalus Prospective Prospectively followed all patients (n = 444) in Eastern Denmark (population 2.5 mill) sustaining severe TBI, who required lengthy rehabilitation between 2000 and 2010 444 patients Eastern Denmark 14.2% of severe TBI patients                                       Prevalence in population                             0.00252% 140/1,000 of severe TBI patients                                 Prevalence: population    0.0252/1,000
Incidence and Risk Factors for Post-Traumatic Hydrocephalus
following Decompressive Craniectomy for Intractable
Intracranial Hypertension and Evacuation of Mass Lesions		 Honeybul & Ho 2013 Adult Traumatic Brain Injury Posttraumatic Hydrocephalus Retrospective Patients who received a decompressive craniectomy at the two major trauma hospitals in Western Australia between 2004 and 2010 194 patients who had had a decompressive craniectomy for severe TBI between 2004 and 2010 Australia 36% developed hydrocephalus requiring VP shunt 360/1,000 of severe TBI patients
Epidemiology, natural history, progression, and postnatal outcome of severe fetal ventriculomegaly. Hannon T, Tennant PW, Rankin J, Robson SC. 2013 Fetus Fetus Ventriculomegaly Prospective Data were obtained from the Northern Congenital Abnormality Survey for the period 1994-2008 441,247 eligible births North of England  3.6 severe/10,000 pregnancies, 64.3% of women terminated births 0.36/1,000 pregnancies
Incidence of hydrocephalus and the need to ventriculoperitoneal shunting in premature infants with intraventricular hemorrhage: risk factors and outcome. Behjati S, Emami-Naeini P, Nejat F, El Khashab M. 2011 Neonate Intraventricular Hemorrhage Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Retrospective A historical cohort study was conducted, consisting of 97 premature infants in whom the diagnosis of IVH was previously made by cranial ultrasound and were referred to pediatric neurosurgery clinic and/or neonatal intensive care unit of Children’s Hospital Medical Center in Tehran, Iran, from April 2004 to March 2009. Among the patients, those who were followed up for at least 6 months after the diagnosis of IVH were included in the study 97 premature infants with IVH Tehran, Iran 35% required VP shunt – all grade 3 or 4 IVH 350/1,000 IVH preterm neonates required VP shunt
Posttraumatic hydrocephalus associated with decompressive cranial defect in severe brain-injured patients. Shi SS, Zhang GL, Zeng T, Lin YF 2011 Adult Traumatic Brain Injury Posttraumatic Hydrocephalus Retrospective Patients suffering from severe head trauma between January 2004 and May 2010  389 patients w/ severe head trauma; 149 underwent  decompressive
craniectomy		 Fuzhou, China 16.8% of those who underwent DC; 9.6% of the remaining patients who did not undergo DC 168/1,000 of severe TBI cases which underwent DC; 96/1000 of severe TBI cases w/o DC
Prevalence, natural history, and clinical outcome of mild to moderate ventriculomegaly. Sethna F, Tennant PW, Rankin J, C Robson S. 2011 Fetus Fetus Ventriculomegaly Prospective Data were extracted from the U.K. Northern Congenital Abnormality Survey for cases identified during 1994–2008 454,080 registered births North of England 7.8 mild to moderate/10,000 total 0.78/1,000 registered births
Prevalence of congenital hydrocephalus in California, 1991-2000. Jeng S, Gupta N, Wrensch M, Zhao S, Wu YW. 2011 Neonate Neonate Congenital Hydrocephalus Retrospective Data extracted from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) discharge database for the period between 1991 and 2000 5,353,022 births California, United States 5.9/10,000 0.59/1,000
Twelve-year prevalence of common neonatal congenital malformations in Zhejiang Province, China. Sun G, Xu ZM, Liang JF, Li L, Tang DX. 2011 Neonate Neonate Congenital Hydrocephalus Retrospective Assess prevalence by reviewing a database of all deliveries from 28 weeks up until 7 days of birth from January 1998 to December 2009 83,888 perinatal, 1998-2009 Zhejiang Province, China 0.92% of births 9.2/1,000 births
Incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage and post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus in preterm infants. Sajjadian N, Fakhrai H, Jahadi R. 2010 Neonate Neonate Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Prospective Premature neonates (birth weight equal or less than 1500g and gestational age equal or less than 37 weeks) admitted to Mofid Hospital NICU during a one year period 57 neonates                               35 with hemorrhage                 7 with PHH Tehran, Iran  12.3% of premature neonates                             20% of preterm with hemorrhage – directly related to severity 123/1,000 premature neonates                             200/1,000  preterm with hemorrhage
Congenital hydrocephalus–prevalence, prenatal diagnosis and outcome of pregnancy in four European regions. Garne E, Loane M, Addor MC, Boyd PA, Barisic I, Dolk H. 2010 Neonate Neonate w/ Birth Defects Congenital Hydrocephalus Retrospective Data were taken from four European registries of congenital malformations (EUROCAT) for the tim period betwee 1996 and 2003. Cases with hydrocephalus associated wth neural tube defects not included. 187,097 Registered  neonates Switzerland, UK, Denmark, Croatia 4.65/10,000                             48% terminated pregnancies 0.465/1,000
Prevalence of possible idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus in Japan: the Osaki-Tajiri project. Tanaka N, Yamaguchi S, Ishikawa H, Ishii H, Meguro K. 2009 Adult Adult Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Prospective Five hundred and sixty-seven participants were randomly selected from among the 1,654 members of the population aged 65 years and older in Tajiri, Japan 567 participant randomly selected from population Osaki-Tajiri, Japan 1.40%                                    140/10,000 aged 65+ 14.0/1,000 aged 65+
Five-year incidence of surgery for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in Norway. Brean A, Fredø HL, Sollid S, Müller T, Sundstrøm T, Eide PK. 2009 Adult Adult Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Retrospective Information about age, sex, operation year and operation type was collected retrospectively for all patients hospitalized from 2002 to 2006 with any diagnosis of iNPH and operated with insertion of a ventriculo-peritoneal or ventriculoatrial shunt system, or with endoscopic third ventriculostomy in any of Norway’s five regional neurosurgical centers. 23.1M population                  252 patients operated on Vestfold county in Norway 1.09/100,000/year            incidence In >65:                  30.2/100,000/5 years 0.0109/1,000/year            incidence In >65:                  0.302/1,000/5 years
Reynaldo Martinez (electronic signature) Brean A, Eide PK. 2008 Adult Adult Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Prospective In a stable population of 220,000 inhabitants, structured and intensive efforts were directed towards the public via local newspapers, radio and television channels, and directed towards the healthcare professionals via personal letters and lectures, to recruit patients with idiopathic NPH (iNPH) investigation during a 12-month period. This population is served by only one neurological department and one neurosurgical department, thus avoiding any leakage of patients during the investigation period. We determined those patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of probable iNPH. 220,000 inhabitants Norway 21.9/100,000                                                5.5/100,000/year 0.219/1,000                     Incidence:                             0.055/1,000/year
Prevalence of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus in the elderly population of a Japanese rural community. Hiraoka K, Meguro K, Mori E. 2008 Adult Adult Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Retrospective The prevalence of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) in a community was investigated by retrospective analysis of data from a previous community-based study of 170 randomly selected elderly residents aged 65 years or older. 170 Randomly selected residents 65+ Rural Japan 2.90% 29/1,000 age 65+
Risk factors related to hydrocephalus after traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Tian HL1, Xu T, Hu J, Cui YH, Chen H, Zhou LF. 2008 All Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Prospective A consecutive series of 370 patients with tSAH, defined as subarachnoid hemorrhagesecondary to head injury, were admitted at our institution from January 2002 to December 2004. Patients who had spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage with or without head injury were excluded. 301 consecutive patients China 11.98% developed hydro 119.8/1,000
Hydrocephalus in children born in 1999-2002: epidemiology, outcome and ophthalmological findings. Persson EK, Anderson S, Wiklund LM, Uvebrant P 2007 Neonate Neonate Infantile hydrocephalus Prospective This prospective study was population-based, and the study area was the western part of Sweden during the birth year period 1999–2002 82,106 live born children From 1999-2002 Sweden 0.48/1,000 0.48/1,000
Outcomes after decompressive craniectomy for severe traumatic brain injury in children. Kan P, Amini A, Hansen K, White GL Jr, Brockmeyer DL, Walker ML, Kestle JR 2006 Child Traumatic Brain Injury Posttraumatic Hydrocephalus Retrospective Reviewed the Trauma Registry at the Primary Children’s Medical Center to identify the cohort of children with severe TBI who underwent decompressive craniectomy between 1996 and 2005 35 surviving children/51 children with severe head trauma Salt Lake City, Utah 40% 400/1,000 severe TBI cases
Prevalence analysis on congenital hydrocephalus in Chinese perinatal from 1996 to 2004 Dai L, Zhou GX, Miao L, Zhu J, Wang YP, Liang J 2006 Neonate Neonate w/ Birth Defects Congenital Hydrocephalus Retrospective Data gained from Chinese Birth Defects Monitoring Network from 1996 to 2004 4,282,536 births from 1996-2004 China 7.03/10,000 0.703/1,000 births
Descriptive epidemiology of congenital hydrocephaly in Hawaii, 1986–2000. Forrester MB, Merz RD 2005 Neonate Neonate w/ Birth Defects Congenital Hydrocephalus Retrospective Using data from a birth defects registry for the period between 1986 and 2000 Hawaii 10.4/10,000 live births 1.04/1,000 live births
Hydrocephalus prevalence and outcome in a population-based cohort of children born in 1989-1998. Persson EK, Hagberg G, Uvebrant P 2005 Neonate Neonate Infantile hydrocephalus Retrospective The study population was the 253 378 live births occurring in the western part of Sweden during the 10-y period 1989–1998. Information about birth characteristics as well as the aetiology of hydrocephalus and additional major impairments was obtained from rehabilitation centres and paediatric and neurosurgical records. 253,378 Live born children from 1989-1998 Sweden 0.49/1,000 0.49/1,000 for infantile
Hydrocephalus prevalence and outcome in a population-based cohort of children born in 1989-1998. Persson EK, Hagberg G, Uvebrant P 2005 Neonate Neonate Myelomeningocoele Retrospective The study population was the 253 378 live births occurring in the western part of Sweden during the 10-y period 1989–1998. Information about birth characteristics as well as the aetiology of hydrocephalus and additional major impairments was obtained from rehabilitation centres and paediatric and neurosurgical records. 253,378 Live born children from 1989-1998 Sweden 0.33/1,000 assoc with MMC 0.33/1,000 assoc with MMC
Posttraumatic hydrocephalus: a clinical, neuroradiologic, and neuropsychologic assessment of long-term outcome. Mazzini L, Campini R, Angelino E, Rognone F, Pastore I, Oliveri G 2003 Adult Traumatic Brain Injury Posttraumatic Hydrocephalus Prospective Patients referred to an inpatient intensive rehabilitation unit of primary care in a university-based system 140 patients with severe traumatic brain injury Turin, Italy 45% 440/1,000 severe TBI cases
Incidence of congenital hydrocephalus and the role of the prenatal diagnosis Cavalcanti DP, Salomão MA. 2003 Neonate Neonate (Excluding NTD) Congenital Hydrocephalus Retrospective Data were collected from medical records of the Perinatal Genetics Sector (CAISM) 35,112 live births and still births (>500g) From 1987-1998 Brazil  3.16/1,000 births 3.16/1,000 births
Congenital hydrocephalus–prevalence and prognosis. Mortality and morbidity in a population-based study Christensen JH, Hansen LK, Garne E. 2003 Neonate Neonate w/ Birth Defects Congenital Hydrocephalus Retrospective Data for the study were taken from the Eurocat Register of Congenital Malformations for the County of Funen and from medical records 72,500 births From 1986-1998 Funen county, Denmark 0.4/1,000 births 0.4/1,000 births
Congenital hydrocephalus 1961-2000–incidence, prenatal diagnosis and prevalence based on maternal age Sípek A, Gregor V, Horácek J, Masátová D. 2002 Neonate Neonate Congenital Hydrocephalus Retrospective Data from the nationwide registration of birth defects were used, kept in in the Institute for Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic 5.75M From 1961-2000 Czech Republic 6.35/10,000 live 0.635/1,000 live
Post-traumatic hydrocephalus. Licata C, Cristofori L, Gambin R, Vivenza C, Turazzi S 2001 All Traumatic Brain Injury Posttraumatic Hydrocephalus Patients with severe head trauma treated from 1972 to 1999 at the Department of Neurosurgery at the City Hospital of Verona 4,044 patients with severe head trauma Verona, Italy 2.40% 24/1,000 severe TBI cases
Chronic hydrocephalus in elderly patients following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Yoshioka H, Inagawa T, Tokuda Y, Inokuchi F. 2000 Adult Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Prospective From 1979 to 1996, patients with aneurysmal SAH admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Shimane Prefectural Central Hospital and surgically treated 576 patients Izumo, Japan 37% (215/576 Patients) chronic hydrocephalus 370/1,000 with treated SAH – chronic hydrocephalus
The incidence of cleft lip, cleft palate, hydrocephalus and spina bifida at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi. Msamati BC, Igbigbi PS, Chisi JE. 2000 Neonate Neonate Congenital Hydrocephalus Retrospective Data from all births at Queen Elizabeth Hospital betwenn 1998 and 1999 25,562 births from 1998-1999 Blantyre, Malawi 0.47/1,000 hydrocephalus  0.23/1,000 hydrocephalus and spina bifida 0.47/1,000 births (hydrocephalus)  0.23/1,000 hydrocephalus and spina bifida
Epidemiology of infantile hydrocephalus in Saudi Arabia: birth prevalence and associated factors. Murshid WR, Jarallah JS, Dad MI. 2000 Neonate Neonate (Excluding NTD) Infantile hydrocephalus Prospective Conducted over a 1-year period from April 1996 to March 1997 in the city of Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia. Except for neural tube defects and brain tumors, all cases of hydrocephalus diagnosed within the first 28 days of life were included. 16,250 live births from Apr 1996-Mar 1997 Saudi Arabia 1.6/1,000 live births 1.6/1,000 live births
Post-traumatic hydrocephalus: experience in 17 consecutive cases. Phuenpathom N, Ratanalert S, Saeheng S, Sripairojkul B 1999 All Traumatic Brain Injury Posttraumatic Hydrocephalus Retrospective Patients seen at Songklanagarind Hospital from January 1993 to February 1996 1080 head-injured patients                                  385 severe head injury Songkhla, Thailand                           1.6% of all TBI                                          1.8% of severe TBI 18/1,000 severe TBI cases
Neural tube defects and congenital hydrocephalus in the Sultanate of Oman. Rajab A, Vaishnav A, Freeman NV, Patton MA 1998 Neonate Neonate Congenital Hydrocephalus Retrospective Data extracted from hospital records betweem 1989 and 1995 242,764 births From 1989-1995 Sultanate of Oman 0.44/1,000 births 0.44/1,000 births
Occurrence of congenital hydrocephalus in the Czech Republic 1961-1995 Sípek A, Gregor V, Horácek J, Chudobová M, Korandová V, Skibová J. 1998 Neonate Neonate Congenital Hydrocephalus Retrospective From a consecutive series of 5,137,907 births in the Czech Republic during 1961-1995 5,137,907 births From 1961-1995 Czech Republic 3.99/10,000 live born births 0.399/1,000 live born births
Posttraumatic ventriculomegaly: hydrocephalus or atrophy? A new approach for diagnosis using CSF dynamics Marmarou A, Abd-Elfattah Foda MA, Bandoh K, et al 1996 Traumatic Brain Injury Posttraumatic Hydrocephalus Prospective Division of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University 75 patients with severe head trauma Richmond, VA 20% 200/1,000 severe TBI cases
Epidemiology of congenital hydrocephalus in Utah, 1940-1979: report of an iatrogenically related “epidemic” Blackburn BL, Fineman RM. 1994 Neonate Neonate Congenital Hydrocephalus Retrospective Data were ascertained by examination of multiple sources, e.g., 982,066 birth, 11,161 fetal death, and 248,208 death certificates, and selected hospital and clinic records 1M neonates from 1940-1979 Utah 0.70/1,000 live and still births 0.70/1,000 live and still births
Clinico-epidemiologic study of infantile hydrocephalus in Japan Negoro T, Watanabe K, Nakashima S, Kikuchi H, Tamakoshi A. 1994 Neonate Neonate Infantile hydrocephalus A nation-wide survey on congenital hydrocephalus, including secondary hydrocephalus occurring within one year after birth, was carried out in 1988. Japan’s population Japan 0.58/1,000 live births 0.58/1,000 live births
Infantile hydrocephalus in preterm, low-birth-weight infants–a nationwide Swedish cohort study 1979-1988. Fernell E, Hagberg G, Hagberg B 1993 Neonate Neonate Infantile hydrocephalus All Swedish infants with shunt-treated infantile hydrocephalus, born during the period 1979-88 at < or = 34 weeks gestational age and of low birth weight, were studied. From 1979-1988 Sweden 15.9/1,000 live birth, v. preterm                     5.1/1,000 live birth, moderate preterm 15.9/1,000 live birth, v. preterm                     5.1/1,000 live birth, moderate preterm
Infantile hydrocephalus in the south-western region of Saudi Arabia. el Awad ME 1992 Neonate Neonate Infantile hydrocephalus During the period January 1988 to December 1990 74,923 live births SW Saudi Arabia 0.81/1,000 live births 0.81/1,000 live births
Pre- and neonatal hydrocephalus in the Middle East: experience in Qatar. Nogueira GJ 1992 Neonate Neonate Infantile hydrocephalus Retrospective  All cases of hydrocephalus diagnosed antenatally or within the first 10 days of life during the period 1986-1989 were reviewed. 41,402 births From 1986-1989 Qatar 157/100,000 live births 1.57/1,000 live births
Incidence and neurodevelopmental outcome of periventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus in a regional population of very low birth weight infants. Hanigan WC, Morgan AM, Anderson RJ, Bradle P, Cohen HS, Cusack TJ, Thomas-McCauley T, Miller TC. 1991 Neonate Periventricular Hemorrhage Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Prospective VLBW infants admitted to a state-designed Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between 1984 and 1987 97 VLBW infants w/ PVH (part of a group of 459 VLBW infants) Illinois, United States 12% incidence of hydrocephalus associated with high-grade PVH 120/1,000 with high-grade PVH
Genetic epidemiologic study of hydrocephalus Shi MA, Chen YL 1990 Neonate Neonate Congenital Hydrocephalus Live and still births were monitered 77,214 live and still births China 1.09%                        1.09/1,000 live and still births 1.09/1,000 live and still births
Posttraumatic hydrocephalus–a retrospective review. Cardoso ER, Galbraith S 1985 All Traumatic Brain Injury Posttraumatic Hydrocephalus Retrospective Patients with hydrocephalus treated in the Institute
of Neurological Sciences, Glasgow, between
and July 1981		 2374 cases of severe head injury Glasgow, Scotland 0.70% 7/1,000 severe TBI cases
Post-traumatic hydrocephalus in patients with severe head injury. Kishore PR, Lipper MH, Miller JD, Girevendulis AK, Becker DP, Vines FS 1978 Traumatic Brain Injury Posttraumatic Hydrocephalus 100 consecutive patients with severe TBI 4% hydro                                   29% all ventriculomegaly 40/1,000 severe TBI cases
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